The role of Inspector Goole in ‘An Inspector Calls’ Essay Example

The role of Inspector Goole in ‘An Inspector Calls’ Essay In this essay I will be discuss the role of the inspector in An Inspector Calls and evaluating his important to the play. An Inspector Calls was written by J.B Priestly in 1945 but was set in Capitalist England during 1912 during this time Socialism was beginning to catch onto society. The play depicts the story of the Birling family and how each member discovers his or her involvement with the death of a girl called Eva Smith (who also called herself Daisy Renton). An Inspector visits them while the family are having dinner, celebrating the engagement of Sheila and Gerald, Sheila being the daughter of the wealthy, prosperous and capitalist businessman Burling. His wife, Sybil is a cold woman and her husband’s social superior. Their children are Eric; a shy but assertive young man, and Sheila; a pretty young woman who is pleased with life. Gerald Croft, her new fiancà ©, is an attractive, easygoing man who is excited about his new engagement. We will write a custom essay sample on The role of Inspector Goole in ‘An Inspector Calls’ specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The role of Inspector Goole in ‘An Inspector Calls’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The role of Inspector Goole in ‘An Inspector Calls’ specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Their celebration is interrupted by Inspector Goole, a man who creates an â€Å"impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness†. Soon, the story unravels and we discover how each member of the household is responsible for the suicide of Eva Smith. Between 1912 and 1945, many important events occurred, including; both World Wars, the Holocaust, the sink of the Titanic and the Wall Street Crash (resulting in hyperinflation and the great depression). The overall message of the play is to be more socially responsible by taking care of your community as a whole body of people, and to accept that there are other people who are different, or are of a lower class. Priestly wrote the play in 1945, it was set in 1912 however, as a way to reflect on how capitalists neglected their responsibilities as members of a society to care for others. Between the setting of the play and the time it was written, three major world events occurred; the sinking of the Titanic and both World Wars. Priestly set the play in 1912 to enable him to speak out as a socialist about how the capitalists should have changed their ways, almost warning them that if they did not, such events like war would occur. I know this because the inspector says â€Å"if men will not learn that lesson, they will be taught in blood, and fire, and anguish†. Priestly makes Arthur Birling’s views seem foolish, and writes him to be an ignorant and stupid character that is clueless about society and how the community can work together. Birling says â€Å"†¦the Titanic†¦unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable† and by this, I can recognise how commanding Birling is. I can also identify by how he speaks that he thinks his word is final, and that his decision means everything, even about the sinking of the Titanic. We know that the Titanic did sink, therefore making Birling seem foolish and arrogant. It is a brilliant example of dramatic irony, because the audience know that everything that Birling said would not happen, eventually did happen, and even causes a stir of inner hate at his socialist arrogance and his lack of care for society. This would have been important when this play was written, because England at this time was a Socialist country. We can tell from the stage directions on page eleven that the inspector gives an â€Å"impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness†. By directing the Inspector to seem purposeful, the audience begin questioning his true role in the play is he more important than just a police inspector? What exactly does he represent? We question this because of his behaviour towards the family; any traditional or ‘normal’ inspector of the time would’ve been empathetic towards the Birling’s situation and may have been capitalist too. When addressing people, the inspector stares them down and they begin explaining their encounter with Eva Smith. He has a â€Å"disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses before actually speaking†. This could scare or worry the family members into unfolding the story of how they all played a part in Eva Smith’s death. Either that or maybe his purposefulness may exist only in his gaze, which he uses to unravel the story to the family. The stage directions show the inspector’s authority with simple phrases like â€Å"cuting in, with authority†. This implies his voice is the most important, he is speaking out for the dead girl and needs to be heard above the family. This also has a political context; the socialists, who at the time the play was set, were only just getting any kind of authority. Also, as this play represents, socialists grew a voice and soon were beginning to be heard above the capitalists. Birling makes a strongly capitalist speech about how people should look after themselves and that society doesn’t matter. He says â€Å"communityand all that nonsense.† This is a perfect example of how Birling views the community as unnecessary and stupid. He deeply believes that a man should look after himself and his own, and he shows no empathy for the dead girl. Also, Birling’s focus in life is his money and class, which relates to capitalism. Birling’s speech is interrupted by the family’s maid, Edna, who introduces the Inspector. Birling welcomes him but immediately becomes defensive and boastful. The Inspector, however, is not phased. The emphasis on the Inspector’s determination and confidence shows how in control he is. He hushes the family so he can speak by â€Å"cutting in massively†, another portrayal of how commanding he is and his authority over the family. This is also represented by his knowledge, and the way he unnerves Sheila and Eric with his understanding of the whole situation. After leaving the room during Sheila and Gerald’s talk, the Inspector asks â€Å"Well?, showing the audience he already knows about Gerald’s affair to Daisy Renton. During his enquiries, the Inspector remains entirely in control; at times, he is able to â€Å"massively take charge†. Sheila regards him â€Å"wonderingly and dubiously†, later she realises no-one told him anything that he didn’t already know. Through his creation of the powerful, all-knowing nature of the character of the Inspector, and through the revelation of the incredible but very real chain of events in which every character is involved, Priestly successfully moves his audience beyond the bounds of naturalism. It is the unreal quality of the Inspector and his final prophecy of â€Å"fire and blood and anguish† referring to World War One which would start only two years after this play was set that successfully imbues the Inspector with an almost supernatural intelligence. To the Inspector, Eva Smith represents all the ‘lower class’ socialists of the time. The surname ‘Smith’ was very common at this time, again representing a vast quantity of people who were finding working life difficult. It is this that again makes us question the Inspector’s existence was he simply a voice for the lower, working class citizens of England? He says â€Å"there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us†¦intertwines with our lives†. He is explaining that by the family realising the consequences of their actions towards Eva Smith, they should reform themselves and treat everyone with respect. The Inspector’s timing is almost perfect, both upon arrival and when leaving. He arrives during Birling’s capitalist speech, representing how socialism would soon overpower capitalism. Also, the lighting changes, emphasising the Inspector’s important and authority in the play. The Inspector leaves at the end of his speech, which of course completely contrasts with what Birling was talking about in the beginning. The Inspector leaves just before Gerald’s return, who explains t the family that Inspector Goole is not a real inspector. This magnifies the Inspector’s mysterious character and leaves the family and the audience questioning his existence and purpose in the play.

Darkness essays

Darkness essays A sixteen-year-old girl Kelly Anderson and her family lived in Atlanta. Kelly was alone at home one day because her parents were invited to dinner at Bob Creighton's house that owned Creighton Construction. Kelly's father Ted was looking for a job in construction, but was turned down by Bob. While back at the house where Kelly was, she was in the bathroom, with the door open and the lights shut. She was looking in the mirror when she saw a man in the mirror over her shoulder. The man Kelly had seen so often in her dreams but only caught glimpses of when she was awake but at that moment she saw him clearly. He was old, his loose skin hanging in folds and his eyes sunken deep within his sockets. Kelly had been seeing a psychiatrist before because her mother, Mary, thought that she needed help, she thought it all started after her parents told her that she was adopted, but this man had appeared to her ever since she was born. She stopped going to the psychiatrist because she tol d her parents and the doctor that the Man was gone she did this to convince herself that he was gone but really he wasn't. As she continued to stand there in the darkness of the bathroom, she turned around but he wasn't there, she turned on the light and turned back to the mirror and he was still there and now his hands were reaching towards her throat. She started yelling "no! No more!" then she punched the mirror, and the mirror shattered, and she could still see her ancient tormentor still mocking her, laughing at her, reaching out for her. She picked up one of the sharp pieces of glass raised it up and plunged the blade into her belly. Determined to end the life of the baby that was growing inside her and her own. The baby that was growing inside of her she knew was the old mans because one night she felt him but she didn't bother to open her eyes or yell because she didn't want her parents to think she was crazy, she convinced hersel...

Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evaluation - Assignment Example In addition to identification of the audience, the author also needs to understand the purpose of the evaluation and finally the author should also have knowledge of the intended influence on its readers. In A guide To Reading Evaluations, it gives the fundamentals of evaluating any piece of writing. The guide makes an analysis of Amitai Etzioni’s evaluation of the fast food jobs offer to high school students by McDonald’s. In this evaluation the author looks at the case is a two-tier structure. The first structure is reading for meaning. In reading for meaning the evaluator looks at the case with a sole purpose of understanding the case judgment and way of reasoning. In the second tier the author seeks to employ the different strategies used in evaluation which include: presentation of well detailed subject, adequate supportive facts on arguments and counter arguments proper response to alternative judgments and objections and a proper organization of ideas and

Quality Management and Accountability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Management and Accountability - Essay Example Key to the success of the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) programs are seven characteristics namely, the amount of influence exerted by the change agents, their responsibility and autonomy in specific areas of assignments, space for innovative ideas, adaptability to change, satisfaction, teamwork and shared vision coupled with a benchmarking criterion towards the objectives (Weeks, Helms & Ettkin, 1995). These characteristics rest upon a common a propellant perception of agents concerning the needed change. The new millennium heralded a phase of new challenges in many sectors, and so healthcare organizations haven’t been spared either. With the expectation of taming escalating costs, pressures to modernize, harmonize and reconcile quality with the former have force their way to accreditation boards, the media and concerned agencies. Embracing partnerships becomes unavoidable under these circumstances. Quality improvement, therefore, becomes more of a â€Å"te am sport† that engages individual centered processes into a comprised common vision. Precisely, teams are collaborative integral components of quality improvement efforts involving persons operating either from the same or different disciplines but with a shared vision of optimizing patient-service outcomes (Ovretveit, 1999). Notably, success within healthcare organizations operates more or less like powerful sport cars whose quick movements depends on the engine inexistence and the control mechanics applied. Employee engagement is the hallmark of connectivity within any organization. An engaged personnel gives an organization the power it so requires to make tangible moves towards its mission with an accelerated propensity in compared to those of the competitors. From the top management down the apex of leadership role, a synergetic approach with results concerning the work load only comes with prior and proper understanding and agreement on the course taken (Weeks, Helms & E ttkin, 1995). Accordingly, success comes with assured, climatic readiness for change. The relationship between physicians directly responsible for matters of healthcare and hospital executives charged with administrative responsibilities spanning from regulatory obligations to resource control is critical to any aspect of quality improvement process. The real enemy to the process of change lies in a dysfunctional healthcare system (Fawcett, et al., 1995). As mentioned above, there needs to be commonality in values and concerns share by both physicians and healthcare executives as the basic framework for successful communication bridging the hierarchical gap towards a collaborative, as opposed to confrontational/competitive relationship (Bero, et al., 1998). A functional workforce-engagement criterion holds the key to clinical priorities with regards to useful new technologies required as well as essentiality of scientific methodologies in tandem with evidence-based decision making. Further, understanding and agreement are important planning, implementation, and assessment tools. According to the case study done by Weeks, Helms, and Ettkin (1995), the degree of understanding and agreement of the course taken by healthcare entities lacks uniformity with wide discrepancies over perceptive responses touching on matters of change. Whereas the need for change is plausible in the responses from the executive wing

Mobile Phone Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mobile Phone Marketing - Essay Example Failure to do so will eventually turn out to be counterproductive and can lead to the degradation of the brand being marketed (Hendery 2). The dearth of relevant technologies is one other big problem being faced by the proponents of mobile phone marketing. Considering the immense potential of the mobile phone marketing, this channel is gaining an enhanced acceptance amongst the marketing professionals. The corporations are well aware that a mobile phone is something that a person carries everywhere and therefore ample budgetary allocations are being made to launch and support interactive marketing campaigns (Long 1). Infact the potential of mobile phone marketing is much higher as compared to the internet marketing component, as the number of cell phone subscribers is very large as compared to the number of people who own or use computers (Long 1). As per a survey conducted by the Mobile Marketing Association based in Colorado, US, the total number of mobile phone subscribers around the world stands to be a mind boggling 1.4 billion, which is way ahead of the total number of land line phone subscribers throughout the world (Long 1). In the US alone, more then 65 percent of the population owns cell phones (Long 2). Also the text messag ing is gaining much popularity amongst the mobile phone owners (Long 2).There exist many valid reasons that will make mobile marketing really popular amongst the top brands in the UK. First and foremost, the mobile phone marketing enables the brands to interact with a specific target audience (Business Wire 1). Secondly, it enables the brands to ascertain how a user responds to a particular marketing message (Business Wire 1). Last but not the least, mobile phone marketing enables the companies to certify, whether a particular message has reached the customer or not (Business Wire 1). Mobile phone operators also stand to gain from this trend as it promises lucrative revenue opportunities for them. As per a survey conducted by Airwide Solutions in the UK, by the end of 2008, nearly 89 top brands in the UK will resort to text and multimedia messaging to communicate with their potential customers (Business Wire 1). Nearly one third of these brands are expected to allocate more then 10 percent of their marketing allocations to mobile phone marketing (Business Wire 1). Such budgetary allocations are expected to augment to more then 25 percent in the next five years (Business Wire 1). Small screen size of mobile phones was one major barrier to the mobile phone marketing (Shea 1). In the last few years, the mobile phone manufacturers responded to such consumer expectations by making the mobile phones smaller and smaller. Thus the small phones with their small screen sizes severely limited the scope and potential of mobile phone marketing (Shea 1). However, last year this trend was reversed with the advent of Apple's iPhone, which is a small phone with a big screen (Shea 1). Considering the current trend towards bigger screens in association with the recent innovations in the cellular technology like wireless internet capabilities and high speeds, the mobile phone

Light Pollution In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay

Light Pollution In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay Hong Kong is well-known as the Pearl of the Orient because of its bright lights of skyline at night. It is generally acknowledged by business parties that the brighter the lights in the city, the more business opportunities they will grab. (Lau, 2012) Nevertheless, behind this glamorous metropolitan city, the overuse of outdoor lighting facilities sacrifices Hong Kongs valuable natural resources and citizens good living environment. Light pollution caused by it has been increasing rapidly and is an environmental problem, which also has similar adverse impacts as other pollution such as air, noise, plagued Hong Kong in this decade. Thus, the Government has taken a pragmatic approach to tackle the problem with an issue of Guidelines on Industry Best Practices for External Lighting Installations at the beginning of this year. (Environment Bureau, et al., 2012) However, it is deemed to be far less than enough to ease serious light pollution in this flourishing city. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to discuss how light pollution affect the environment and residents; and (2) to analyze relation between light pollution problem and different aspect which include public awareness, business and law. Background of Light Pollution Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is the alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources. The increase in night sky brightness due to light pollution diminishes the view of stars and planets. (Cinzano, et al., 2000) Generally, outdoor lights initially are designed for illuminating a specific area on the ground or wall, but in reality, some light spill out to a much larger area. (Pun So, 2009) Some lighting facilities even direct upward and this cause a much more serious light pollution. In Hong Kong, according to the data collected by the Department of Physics at The University of Hong Kong since 2003, the urban night sky is on average 100 times brighter than the darkest rural sites. (Pun So, 2009) This indicates that high population and lighting densities can aggravate light pollution problem. Excessive use of strong spotlights for illuminating advertising billboards and huge neon signs on commercial building are the main factors of light pollution problem in Hong Kong. Other pollution sources include street lamps with poor design of lampshades and pointing direction and other artificial lighting with little regard to fixture shielding. To narrow the scope of light pollution source discussed in this paper, it will mainly focus at lighting facilities for commercial use. Adverse Impact of Light Pollution Light Pollution has adverse effect on natural environment and human beings, such as energy wastage disruption to ecosystem and health problems. (Cheung, 2010) Excessive use of lights leads to a wastage of energy. Some neon signs and lights for illuminating advertising billboards switch on even at midnight when there are only a few people on the street who may have a chance to look at the advertisements. This energy wastage may aggravate air pollution as well as global warning problem because Hong Kongs electricity is generated using coal and natural gas. (HK Electric, 2011) The generation of electricity emits carbon dioxide and other air pollutants. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Its increase in atmosphere causes an increase of the temperature world-wide. (Narisada Schreuder, 2004) The excessive use of lighting facilities for commercial use is not essential in our lives and this not only leads to light pollution but also other pollution problem such as global warming and exhaustion of non-renewable resources. As for ecosystem, being an important stop-over point of the East Asia-Australasian Flyway for migratory birds, Hong Kongs excessive outdoor lightings may affect migratory as well as non-migratory birds. It may disorient physiological cycles and the movement of animals. (Travis Catherine, 2004) The breeding patterns of nocturnal animals and insect populations and management of metabolism, development and life programmes of plants are also affected adversely. (Deda, et al., 2007) Human beings may also be the victim of light pollution mainly because their living environment is brighter due to the strong light pollution source such as neon sign. A brighter night area will make them difficult to have a satisfactory sleeping at night. Sleep disruption may cause irritability, tiredness and nervousness in the following day. (Wu Wong, 2012) Their immunity to disease may also decrease and in turn lead to a longer-term health risks. (The Campaign for Dark Skies, 2009) Disruption of sleeping is the most concerned adverse impact by the public since it is the most apparent effect observed in their lives. Light Pollution and Public Awareness Light pollution problem is complicated by public ignorance. In the past, the general public was oblivious to the damage being done and did not value what was destroyed by light pollution. (Berry, 1976) Fortunately, the increasing evidence of adverse effects mentioned above make people start to pay more attention on this issue, but still it is not the most concerned pollution problem in Hong Kong. When local residents were asked about which environmental issues they are most concerned in 2008, more than a half answered drinking water pollution, air pollution, and global warning. (DeGolyer, 2008) Light pollution even did not appear in the choice of answers. This may be because light pollution problem only start to get high publicity in this decade while the public has been educated about other pollution problem for a long time. Public awareness with intrinsic knowledge has played an important role in solving environmental problem. (Bickerstaff Walker, 2001) Take air pollution as an ex ample, the community at large is aware of this problem. The Government, environmental groups, individuals who are environmentalism and other stakeholders have taken a lot of actions to tackle the problem such as implementing mitigation measures, raising public awareness on this issue and trying their little effort to take practical action. Therefore, public awareness contributes to the ease of pollution even though the pollution level has not met an acceptable level yet. It may be pleasing to note that the public awareness of light pollution problem seems to be arising but this may be because more light pollution sources which are mainly from commercial parties exists in urban area. There is a growing number of people lodging complaints about light pollution to the authorities. According to the statistic provided by the Secretary for the Environment, Mr. Edward Yau at the Legislative Council in 2010, complaints about light pollution had increased from 103 in 2007 to 389 in 2009. (Hong Kongs Information Services Department, 2010) This indicates that more light pollution exists in Hong Kong and thus more people are concerned about this pollution problem because it directly affects their living quality to some extent. This increase of public awareness has helped to ease light pollution in Hong Kong. There are more people to urge the Government to have more pragmatic measures in addressing the problem. When complaints are received from abutting residents , some commercial building owners such as The One shopping complex in Tsim Sha Tsui are also willing to reduce the brightness of their lighting facilities. (Cheung, 2011) However, the level of public awareness on light pollution in Hong Kong is far less than enough for a success in solving this problem. Education and publicity measures could be used to increase it so that it can motivate the community to tackle light pollution problem with more effort. Light Pollution and Business Hong Kongs economy relies on commercial and tourism industry heavily. These two industries correlate closely with the increasingly serious light pollution problem. Commercial sector relies on lighting to attract business. So, use of lighting facilities is understandable. However, overuse and over-brightness of their lighting facilities are the main factor of light pollution and should be reduced. Business parties generally pay little attention on light pollution caused by them, even though they emphasize corporate social responsibility. Some of them think that switching off the lights required by the public will eliminate Hong Kongs economic activities at night and deprive local residents of a late dinner break. If residents nearby are not satisfied with their bright lights, they can choose to live in a dimmer district. (Cheung, 2011) So, most of them do not take any practical action to alleviate light pollution problem caused by them. Another problem is due to Hong Kongs famous skyline at night which entices tourists. A majority of tourists visit Hong Kong mainly due to its reputation on neon lights. They look forward to enjoy a spectacular night view in Victoria Harbour with many neon signs on skyscrapers on two sides of the harbour. Since Hong Kongs economy is reliant on tourism, the Government introduced A Symphony of Lights which combines interactive lights of building around Victoria Harbour in 2004 to boost tourism industry. (Tourism Commission, 2005) So, business parties may think that light pollution is only a small side-effect of flourishing tourism industry and fast economic development. These lights and huge neon signs are part of Hong Kongs culture and are often used by commercial sector and even the Government as a tool for attracting tourists and local customers to buy their product and thus stimulate economy. However, in an opinion survey conducted in 2010, people who visited areas of intensive external lighting, including tourists, customers, have a higher proportion considering external lighting signs bright or too bright than shop owners, building owners and property management. (Policy 21 Limited, 2010) So, this indicates that business parties do not need to use such high level of brightness of lighting signs so to attract local and foreign customers. They can adjust the brightness to an acceptable level so that people nearby will not be adversely affected by them while they could still use lighting signs to attract customers. Light Pollution and the Law In Hong Kong, there is no specific ordinance with regard to light pollution. (Legislative Council, 2011) Even the public and green groups have urged the Government to introduce law to combat light pollution, which is similar to what they did to solve other pollution problems, the Government only issued a guideline, namely Guidelines on Industry Best Practices for External Lighting Installations, in January 2012. Different from an ordinance, the voluntary guideline only suggests the Government departments and private sector to have a better external lighting installations. (Environment Bureau, et al., 2012) It is deemed to be toothless to alleviate this increasingly severe environmental problem as no one could enforce business partes. (Cheung, 2011) One of the agruments for no legislation in Hong Kong is that some Asian countries which have similar economies to Hong Kong do not adopt any mandatory regulation over external lighting. (Legislative Council, 2011) However, the urban planning of Hong Kong and these countries should also be considered. Hong Kong has a relatively poor urban planning in the past because of rare land available for development, so residential and commercial buildings were always buit next to each other in urban area, such as Mong Kok and Tsim Sha Tsui; while for other Asian countries, their business area has a clear speration from residential area. Thus, they do not need to use legislation on external lighting of commercial building to solve light pollution problem. In fact, there are many countries, such as Britiain and the United States with mandatory action in regulation of external light. (Legislative Council, 2011) Hong Kong Legislative Council should consider the citys special culture and take partia l approach in mandatory regulation, such as only restricting the applicability of regularoty framework to new lighting installation. In addition, the light from huge neon signs and flashing lights on the top of commercial buildings can even bleed into residential flats nearby with double curtains on windows. This problem cannot be solved only by the residents. Even though they compain to relative authorities, the officials cannot reduce the brightness of the pollution source due to lack of ordinance. So, one of the reugulation may empower the officials to enforce commercial buildings to mitigate their light pollution source to an acceptable level after a complaint about their lighting facilities is lodged. As a result, the citys culture City of the Night will not be altered a lot after the introduction of law regarding external lighting. A mandatory approach to solve light pollution problem should be much better than a voluntary guideline. Conclusion Light pollution has been a widely-discussed topic in Hong Kong in this decade. There has been a call to the Government for working in full swing to map out strategies to solve this environmental problem effectively. A series of short to long term measures, including education, publicity and law enforcement should be implemented. Apart from the Government, all sectors families, communities and public and private organizations at every level must also recognize their roles in alleviating light pollution problem in Hong Kong. In fact, the environment is a public resource that requires collaborative efforts of the whole community to conserve. It would be pleasing to note that everyone is enthusiastic in solving this problem and in the near future, we will create for ourselves and our further generation a better and light-pollution-free city in which to live and work.

What is Business Studies? Essay -- Business

What is Business Studies? Business studies is the study of how businesses are set up, financed, organised and controlled, how people are employed, managed and paid, how goods are developed, produced and sold, how goods and services are priced and how the local, national and international government help or hinder businesses. In studying the setting up of a business there are many aspects that need to be considered. Such as the type of business ownerships which are suitable for the entrepreneur, where the capital will be coming from, what goods or services could be considered to sell and where the business should be located. The extensive amount of research, which is carried out before the business operates, is also studied. There are many sources of finance open to the entrepreneur, which also need to be studied in depth. The business owner has to set the right price for its goods or services - a price which is of convenience to the consumer and which is affordable for the owner. This is possible by using break-even analysis, and again market research. Owners ... What is Business Studies? Essay -- Business What is Business Studies? Business studies is the study of how businesses are set up, financed, organised and controlled, how people are employed, managed and paid, how goods are developed, produced and sold, how goods and services are priced and how the local, national and international government help or hinder businesses. In studying the setting up of a business there are many aspects that need to be considered. Such as the type of business ownerships which are suitable for the entrepreneur, where the capital will be coming from, what goods or services could be considered to sell and where the business should be located. The extensive amount of research, which is carried out before the business operates, is also studied. There are many sources of finance open to the entrepreneur, which also need to be studied in depth. The business owner has to set the right price for its goods or services - a price which is of convenience to the consumer and which is affordable for the owner. This is possible by using break-even analysis, and again market research. Owners ...

How Does Social Media Affect Society Essay

Social media has taken a big toll on our everyday lives. Social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat allow you to connect with just about anyone. According to Cornell University’s Steven Strogatz, social media sites can make it more difficult for us to distinguish between the meaningful relationships we foster in the real world, and the numerous casual relationships formed through social media. Social media has become an unquestionable part of our everyday lives. According to Booth, studies have shown that people actually are becoming more social and more interactive with others, but the style of that communication has changed so that we’re not meeting face-to-face as often as we used to and he also says, â€Å"We’d rather email than meet, and we’d rather text than talk on the phone. â€Å"Hearing from our friends and family makes us feel important and loved†¦. We don’t want to be the last to know about some important, or even trivial, event of interest,† says Dr. Joanne Cantor. And our gadgets help quell that insatiable curiosity that we’ve had since we were babies. Social media isn’t always negative. It can help build self-esteem such as when you post a picture on Instagram or Facebook and you see comments saying, â€Å"You’re beautiful† or â€Å"that’s a pretty picture.’’ Negative Effects of Social Media Teenagers are negatively impacted by social media view by the way they show their personal image and beauty standards. The sizes of celebrities often influence teens. Magazine advertisements also encourage teens to think they have to look a certain way to be considered beautiful or handsome. Teens should be taught to value their own talents and beauties. TV and movie programs encourage characters to use drugs, alcohol, and violence. The satisfaction and successfulness of drugs, alcohol, and violence are making it hard for teenagers to make responsible decisions. It is up to the parents to teach their teens about the negative consequences  that come with risky behavior activity. Being on to much social media can lead to addiction and take away time to do other tasks. Secondly, kids can see images on social media that encourage violence and sexual activity. Another negative affect of the social media is that users shares too much information which can pose a threat to them. Even with the heavy security settings your personal information may spill out on the social sites. Posting your videos or pictures and copying your status is an easy task and can be done within few clicks.

Relationship Between Tourist Product And Cruise Tourism Essays

Relationship Between Tourist Product And Cruise Tourism Essays Relationship Between Tourist Product And Cruise Tourism Essay Relationship Between Tourist Product And Cruise Tourism Essay This paper seeks to discourse the construct of merchandise life rhythm apply to the sail merchandise merchandising in Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) . First, the relationship between tourer merchandise and cruise merchandise is defined. Then the construct of merchandise life rhythm is introduced. Finally, a instance survey of Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) is presented to exemplify the life rhythm of selling the sail merchandise. Transportation system by bearer ; adjustments ; lease of motor vehicles ; or any other service related to go. Depending on the legal power this may or may non include clip portions. Travel services includes transit by air, sea, or land, or the proviso of other goods or services related to recreational, cultural or educational travel, including but non limited to lodging, nutrient, guided Tourss, or direction. The sail industry is one of the fastest-growing sections of the travel industry since 1980 the industry has had an mean one-year rider growing rate of 8.1 % . Almost 45 million people have cruised at least one time ; of these, about 23 million have cruised in the past 3 old ages. ( By: Miller, Richard K. ; Washington, Kelli. Travel A ; Tourism Market Research Handbook, 2009, p88-91, 4p, 5 Charts ; ) Between 1999 and 2005, rider degrees for conventional sails have expanded from about 8.5 million to 13.9 million. During the same period, the Asia Pacific part accounted for between 5 % and 8.6 % of the worldwide market. Between 1999 and 2005, Hong Kong s typical rate1 of gaining control of the Asia Pacific conventional sail market ranged from 16 % to 30 % . The entire sail rider throughput in Hong Kong including local occupants and international riders going on conventional sails and cruises-to-nowhere has increased from 1.38 million in 1999 to 2.15 million in 2005. The figure of cruise vas calls has increased from 409 to 1 051 over the same period. The growing of touristry even exceeded the growing of GDP worldwide by about 1.3 times in the last 25 old ages of the twentieth century ( WTO, 2003 ) . The sail industry is a niche market in the touristry industry. The market portion of sails in the touristry market is little and history for merely 0.6 % of the hotel beds offered worldwide ( WTO, 2003 ) . This figure seems little, but the sail market has shown unbelievable growing figures and is seen as a market with high potency. The sail industry has grown with an mean one-year per centum of 7.4 since 1980. An estimated 15 million travellers cruised in 2008. The North American sail market dominates the industry and it makes a important part to the American economic system. The sail industry generated $ 38 billion in the entire U.S. economic end product in 2007 ( CLIA, 2009 ) . The sail industry becomes nevertheless more and more globalized with a turning figure of finishs and calls in Europe and other parts ( Cruise Europe, 2009 ) . Between 1990 and 2004, rider degrees expanded from 4.4 to 13.2 million worldwide ( Bermello-Ajamil A ; Partners, In 2005c ) . Accorrdint to B A ; A, rider carrying degrees could spread out from the present 13.2 million to between 19.3 and 30.1 million by 2020 ( see Figure ES-1 ) . Target Market Hong Kong as a Port-of-Call Hong Kong as a Homeport China F Second Far East F/S F/S Southeast Asia F F Trans-Pacific / Shifting F F World Cruises Second Second Australia/Asia/N.Z. Tungsten Tungsten Cruise to Nowhere N/A Second Key: Strong ( S ) , Fair ( F ) , Weak ( W ) Fit of Hong Kong within Identified Target Markets Beginning: B A ; A and GP Wild, 2004 Hong Kong s sail season is characterized by both year-around regional operations by Star Cruises and seasonal ( October to May ) operations by international sail operators. Cruise ships are non, like ferries, merely seen as a manner of conveyance. These ships are frequently a finish on itself, and can be typified as drifting hotels, or even drifting resorts ( Dowling, 2006 ) . The Product Life Cycle The merchandise life rhythm theory says that the development of gross revenues and net incomes of new developed merchandises shows a clear form. The merchandise life rhythm theory provinces that a merchandise goes, after its debut, through different stages. From the debut, the merchandise will cognize a stage of growing, adulthood and eventually worsen or revival ( Dekker et al, 1995 ) . Butler developed, based on the merchandise life rhythm, the life rhythm of tourer locations. Alternatively of the measure of merchandises sold, the life rhythm of touristry development uses the figure of visitants as the index of the degree of finish development ( Butler, 1980 from van der Borg et Al, 1996 ) . The development procedure of any tourist finish may, merely as the development procedure of merchandises, be represented cyclically ( van der Borg et Al, 1996 ) . Figure 1 shows the finish life rhythm curve with the stages of debut, growing, adulthood and decline/revitalization. With mention to the sail industry the debut of a sail finish begins of class with the necessary substructure. Initial costs are high since the sail port should often be made accessible for sail ships and should hold the required installations to suit these cruise ships. During the stage of debut a limited figure of cruise ships visit the sail port. In this stage costs are comparatively high in relation to the benefits. During the stage of growing the figure of sail ships and sail riders sing the metropolis addition and installations need to be improved. Since the available capacity is used more expeditiously, costs will drop in relation to the grosss. The disbursals made by sail riders in the metropolis will increase and the sail sector will lend significantly to the economical development of the finish. During the stage of adulthood the sail sector can be considered a major subscriber to the local community. The sail port is visited by a big figure of the largest sail ships and ins tallations are province of the art. The sail port metropolis has achieved an international repute. The finish life rhythm shows nevertheless that there is a possibility of diminution. Cruise finish could lose their place and repute which would ensue in a diminution of the figure of sail ships sing the finish. A diminution can be caused by, for illustration, negative environmental impact or nuisance due to the big figure of sail riders sing the finish ( Gibson, 2006 ) . The life rhythm differs of class for each and every merchandise or touristry finish. Selling schemes that should be adopted in the different phases of development differ as good. In the stage of merchandise development it is necessary to run into the client demands. The demands of sail lines and sail riders should be satisfied in order to develop into booming sail finish. The finish should construct upon its trade name based on the demands of its clients. During the debut stage it is of import to make consciousness among sail lines and sail riders. In this manner the sail finish will procure its topographic point in the market. With an addition in rider volumes, costs will worsen and net incomes will lift. In this phase publicity displacements to making trueness in order to stay and better the obtained place ( Plog, 2001 ) . Application Cruise ships are non, like ferries, merely seen as a manner of conveyance. These ships are frequently a finish on itself, and can be typified as drifting hotels, or even drifting resorts ( Dowling, 2006 ) . This has non ever been the instance. The chief intent of the large Ocean line drives of the past, like the Normandy ( 1932 ) and the Queen Mary ( 1934 ) , was chiefly to transport riders and lading between Europe and America[ 1 ]. Transoceanic line drives sailed on fixed agendas and paths and the different categories in the society were separated with first category cabins and public infinites in the forepart, 2nd category in the center and steerage category in the dorsum of the ship ( Maxton-Graham, 1985 from Chin, 2008 ) . The velocity of these ocean line drives was non merely of import economically, but besides for prestigiousness[ 2 ]. The Ocean line drives lost nevertheless market portion due to the lifting popularity of the aeroplane and eventually lost their map as conveyan ce manner. Many ships were taken out of concern or were used merely to do pleasance trips. The sail industry as we know it emerged in this period. Nowadays, aeroplanes do no longer vie with the rider ships runing in the sail sector and really hold become an of import extension of the sail merchandise. The sail merchandise is non, as the ocean line drives, based on the transit of riders but on the experience they are able to give to their riders. 6.3 Market analysis 6.3.1 Introduction The sail sector is an sole portion of the leisure industry and has developed quickly in the last four decennaries. The sector is still spread outing, non merely in figure of riders, but it becomes besides more and more globalized. In the market analysis we will look more closely to the major sail parts, the growing of riders in these parts, the features of sail riders, the belongingss of the sail merchandise and sail line economic sciences. 6.3.2 Cruise parts The major sail parts in the universe are based in North America and Europe. Figure 2 gives an overview of the entire overnights per part in 2008. The Caribbean is the major sail part, followed by the Mediterranean and Central America. The Caribbean and Central America are non negatively affected by seasonal conditions forms, apart from the hurricane season, and cruise ships are deployed in these parts throughout the twelvemonth ( Gibson, 2006 ) . Between April and September, a big portion of the sail fleet is nevertheless relocated to Europe and Alaska. These parts show a clear seasonal form with no sails in the winter period and a extremum in the summer months ( Dowling, 2006 ) . Climate can be considered as a finding factor in the deployment of sail ships. Figure 2: Market portion 2008 per part, based on the entire overnights. Beginning: CLIA 6.3.3 Passenger growing Cruise touristry has, together with the whole leisure industry, shown a phenomenal growing. The sail sector developed from a little market with sail lines runing with merely a individual ship, to a globalized industry with a fleet of legion alone vass ( cruiseweb.nl ) . Table 1 shows that particularly the European market and transatlantic ocean trips have shown important growing figures between 2000 and 2008 of severally 238 % and 279 % . The market of North and Central America showed a rider growing of 141 % . The dramatic growing in figure of sail riders can besides been seen based on the figure of sail ships ordered by the different sail lines. The CLIA Five-Year Capacity Report and Passenger Carrying Report of 2008 shows that 34 new ships were contracted or planned to be added to the fleet from 2008 to the terminal of 2012 ( CLIA, 2008 ) . Table 1: Entire bed yearss per part 2000-2008 Beginning: CLIA 6.3.4 Characteristics sail riders The general profile of the sail vacationist is upscale and good educated, with a average family income of $ 93,000 and 69 per centum holding a college grade in 2008. The average age of patrol cars is now 46 old ages old, down from 49 in 2006 ( CLIA, 2009 ) . This shows that that the sail sector continues to pull younger travellers. The sail market is dominated by American sail riders, followed on distance by riders from Great Britain. Other riders come chiefly from other European states like Germany, Italy, Spain and France ( Gibbons, 2009 ) . The tourer industry experience the tendency that people do no longer take one large vacation per twelvemonth, but do several shorter trips alternatively ( Bargeman et al, 2002 ) . This tendency can besides been seen in the sail industry. The length of the sails has declined over the old ages. Particularly short sails with a length between 2 and 5 yearss have become more popular in comparing with 25 old ages ago. Figure 3 shows the length of sails in 1980 and 2006. Figure 3: Length of sails Beginning: B A ; A, 2008 6.3.5 Cruise merchandise The sail industry is characterized by significant heterogeneousness likewise to other touristry merchandises ( Papatheodorou, 2001 ) . Each sail is different in footings of ports of call, or vas. Besides that, the experience people have, does differ among every person. Cruise lines have the chance to distinguish in footings of quality and in footings of assortment and offerings. Differentiation is used as a scheme by some sail lines in the sail industry. Cruise lines developed merchandises that meet the penchants of different types of riders by offering for illustration thematic sails and sails to different parts. An illustration is Disney Cruise, which offers sail riders a alone experience by concentrating on the subject of Disney[ 3 ]. The sail merchandise, offered by sail lines, has changed from an all-inclusive bundle to a more customized merchandise. This means that amenities and experiences can be booked together with the sail itself. Onboard gross revenues have become a important proportion of the turnover of a sail ship and the net incomes derived from on shore jaunts are important. A typical Royal Caribbean sail ship can, for illustration, generate close to a half million dollar tour income with a individual call to St. Petersburg, Russia ( Peisley, 2003 ) . Harmonizing to Royal Caribbean s Vice President for Commercial Development, John Tercek, US $ 100 million of the net income of Royal Caribbean s US $ 351 million net income in 2002/3 was derived entirely from shore jaunts ( Klein, 2006 in Ross, 2006 pp. 262 ) . Most people who take a sail do non populate in the country of the port of going. Therefore, fly-cruise bundles are really popular and drama, following to the offering of jaunts and other servic es, an of import function ( Papatheodorou, 2006 ) . 6.3.6 Cruise line economic sciences Economies of graduated table are of import for sail lines. The mean cost per rider bead as the graduated table of operation additions. Two chief classs of cost nest eggs can be identified, viz. : economic systems of denseness and economic systems of fleet size ( Papatheodorou, 2006 ) . Economies of denseness means that sail lines are able to run more expeditiously with larger sail vass since fixed costs are spread over a big figure of riders. Economies of fleet size are derived by distributing fixed costs over a big figure of cruise ships. Besides this, a big fleet makes it for sail lines easier to spread out in many different parts and therefore set up a web of operations ( Papatheodorou, 2006 ) . Cruise lines are able to run more expeditiously with an addition in the figure of ships and capacity, since the variable costs rise by a rate which is less than relative with the addition of rider capacity ( Blauwens et al, 2007 ) . Ships have hence become bigger and bigger and are in some instances even considered as the chief finish, alternatively of the ports of call ( Chin, 2008 ) . Royal Caribbean has late ordered a new vas, the Ocean of the Seas with a capacity of 5400 riders, which will come in operating in the terminal of 2009 ( www.royalcaribbean.com ) . In comparing, in the 1970s and early 1980s, the typical sail ship accommodated between 500 and 800 riders ( Klein, 2006 ) . Due to the importance of economic systems of graduated table the sail industry is consolidated among three major participants. The rider capacity of the Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean Cruises and Star/NCL Cruises cover 80 % of the entire worldwide sail capacity. The allotment of the rider capacity among the major sail corporations is shown in figure 4. Figure 4: Cruise capacity by Cruise Corporation in 2008 Beginning: B A ; A, 2008 Under the three chief sail corporations, several sail trade names operate with a great grade of independence. Each trade name looks after their ain itinerary planning, selling, on shore jaunts and other operations. Each of the trade names has specific nucleus consumer markets that are based on demographics and nationality. Table 2 shows the three corporations, with the figure of ships in operation and the trade names operation under each corporation. Table 2: Major Cruise Corporations Parent group Number of ships Trade names Carnival Corporation 99 Carnival Cruise Lines Holland America Line Princess Cruises Seabourn Cruise Line in North America P A ; O Cruises UK Cunard Line Ocean Village AIDA Costa Crociere P A ; O Cruises Australia Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. 42 Royal Caribbean International Celebrity Cruises Pullmantur Azamara Cruises Celebrity Xpeditions Star/NCL Cruises 18 Star Cruises Norse Cruise Line NCL America East Lines Other Disney Cruise Lines Crystal Cruises MSC Cruises Regent Seas Cruises Oceanica Silversea Cruise Lines Beginnings: B A ; A, 2008 ; Dowling, 2006 Cruise lines have really high tenancy rates, compared with the hotel industry. The mean room tenancy in the sail industry lies above 95 % , compared to 59 % for the hotel industry ( Toh, 2005 ) . The seasonal motion is a cardinal factor of the fiscal success of the sail industry. Cruise lines are, unlike hotels, flexible in the placement of their capacity. 5.3 Conclusion and hypothesis The development of touristry finishs shows, merely as the development of merchandises, a cyclical form. The construct of the finish life rhythm says that a touristry finish goes through different stages of development. Alternatively of the measure of merchandises sold, the construct uses the figure of visitants as the index of development. A sail finish will, based on this construct, know a stage of merchandise development, in which the necessary substructure is constructed, a stage of debut, growing, adulthood and a stage of possible diminution or revival. Each stage asks for a different selling attack. After all, a stipulation for the development of a competitory touristry finish concerns the effectivity of touristry development attempts. During the initial stage it is of import to develop a coveted image trade name which creates consciousness among sail lines and sail riders. During ulterior stages it is of import for a sail finish to make trueness in order to procure its topograp hic point in the market. Decision

50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases 50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases 50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases By Mark Nichol The following phrases need not be summarily replaced by more concise alternatives, but consider making the switch, especially when you find yourself using various wordy phrases frequently in the same text. 1. a number of: some, many 2. afford an opportunity: allow, let 3. an appreciable number of: many 4. as a means of: to 5. as prescribed by: in, under 6. at the present time: now 7. by means of: by, with 8. comply with: follow 9. due to the fact that: because, due to, since 10. during the period of: during 11. for a period of: for 12. has a requirement for: needs, requires 13. have an adverse effect on: hurt, set back 14. in a timely manner: on time, promptly 15. in accordance with: by, following, per, under 16. in addition: also, besides, too 17. in an effort to: to 18. in close proximity: near 19. in lieu of: instead of 20. in order for: for 21. in order that: so 22. in order to: to 23. in regard to: about, concerning, on 24. in relation to: about, to, with 25. in the amount of: amounting to, for 26. in the event of: if 27. in the near future: shortly, soon 28. in the process of: (omit without replacement) 29. in view of: because, since 30. is applicable to: applies to 31. is authorized to: can, may 32. is in consonance with: agrees with follows 33. is responsible for: handles 34. it is essential that [one]: [one] must 35. it is incumbent upon [one] to: [one] should, [one] must 36. it is requested that you: please 37. pertaining to: about, of, on 38. provide(s) guidance for/to: guides 39. relative to: about, on 40. set forth in: in 41. similar to: like 42. successfully accomplish/complete: accomplish/complete 43. take action to: (omit without replacement) 44. the month (or year) of: (omit without replacement) 45. the use of: (omit without replacement) 46. time period: period, time 47. under the provisions of: under 48. until such time as: until 49. with reference to: about 50. with the exception of: except Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Capitalization Rules for the Names of Games15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Opportunities and Challenges of E-commerce Development in China Essay

Opportunities and Challenges of E-commerce Development in China - Essay Example China has the potential to be the largest market for about everything and e-commerce is no exception. E-commerce is the trend which is opening an opportunity for companies if they capture the quickly changing marketplace. It is not very hard to estimate how big this market can be. In 2010, Chinas e-commerce sales exceeded RMB 460 billion. The expectations are that this figure will triple in the next three years and exceed RMB 1.5 trillion. China might overtake the US in three years as the world’s largest e-commerce marketplace. Its online market would grow to 7% of all retail trade. In 2011 this trade was only 3% which lags the e-commerce activity in the US and Europe. Taobao.com dominates the marketplace in the consumer to consumer (C2C) trade. It holds 80% market share compared to 20% of business to consumer activity. But rapid activity regarding business to consumer (B2C) is underway. And this will have a huge impact on the e-commerce industry in China. Big businesses are realizing the potential of e-commerce and names such as Walmart are gearing up to seize this opportunity. They have already opened the China e-commerce headquarters in Shanghai. To understand how the dynamics of e-commerce work in China a study by Bain & Company surveyed 600 Chinese shoppers. It inquired what motivated them to online buying and what the drawbacks of this trend were. The survey suggested that convenience was the second most important factor in price that motivated them to shop online. The majority also showed their interest in the product variety they got while shopping online. In fact, 19% of the participants stated that convenience was their primary reason for shopping online and 15% stated that variety inspired them to shop online.

International interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International interview - Essay Example He says that with the economic decline and the need for employees with college degrees, he has seen the need to go back to school and finish his studies. He looks forward to completing his BS studies in another three years and hopes to land a job as a manager of a hotel or become a banker. He claims that he actually is not interested in management or in numerical subjects but promising jobs for his course can lead him to succeed financially therefore, he took Management. Andrew Hale is a third year college student majoring in Physics. For him, education is his key to becoming competent and employable in this highly competitive world. Hale says he wants to become a professor in Physics because he wants to share the knowledge that he gained in school and the passion he has for sciences, with the younger generation. Liza Brown on the other hand is in her final year majoring in dentistry. She says that her mother who is also a dentist is the greatest influence in her decision because she has seen how productive her job is. In addition to helping people with their dental needs, she says she will also be able to earn decently because of the increasing demand for